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# Foundations

Understand language models and choose a learning path.

- [Llm Fundamentals](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/index.md) (139)

- [Courses And Learning Paths](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/index.md) (179)

- [From Scratch Implementations](/foundations/from-scratch-implementations/index.md) (1)

- [Practitioner Overviews](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/index.md) (387)

[Beginner](/foundations/beginner/index.md) [Intermediate](/foundations/intermediate/index.md) [Advanced](/foundations/advanced/index.md) [Expert](/foundations/expert/index.md)

706 resources · page 19 of 23

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### [Hugging Face LLM Course](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/hugging-face-hugging-face-llm-course/index.md)

by [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/learn/llm-course)

A structured route through the Hugging Face ecosystem.

Intermediate–Advanced · other · open resource · en 

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### [Hung-yi Lee ML 2025 Spring](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/hung-yi-lee-ml-2025-spring/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Hung-yi Lee's ML 2025 Spring course page: agents, LLM internals, Mamba, post-training, reasoning and model editing.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · zh 

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### [Hung-yi Lee ML 2026 Spring](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/hung-yi-lee-ml-2026-spring/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Hung-yi Lee's ML 2026 Spring course page at National Taiwan University with lectures and assignments.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · zh 

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### [ChinAI Newsletter (Jeffrey Ding)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/jeffrey-ding-jjding99-chinai/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Jeffrey Ding's ChinAI newsletter: weekly English translations of Chinese writing on China's AI landscape.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Karpathy: Unreasonable Effectiveness of RNNs](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/karpathy-unreasonable-effectiveness-of-rnns/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Andrej Karpathy's 2015 essay The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks, with char-RNN examples.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [Learning in the Open: What AI Is and Isn't Changing (Khan Academy)](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/khan-academy-learning-in-the-open-what-ai-is-and-isn-t-changing/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Khan Academy post on lessons from deploying the Khanmigo AI tutor: what works and what does not.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Letta docs](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/letta-docs/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Letta documentation: platform for building stateful agents with persistent memory, successor to MemGPT.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [LightGBM documentation](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/lightgbm-documentation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

LightGBM documentation: gradient boosting framework with tree-based learning, tuning guides and distributed training.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Llama Guard](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/llama-guard/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2023) introducing Llama Guard, an LLM-based classifier for safeguarding human–AI conversation inputs and outputs.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Recurrent Neural Networks and LSTM (Jürgen Schmidhuber)](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/lstm/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Jürgen Schmidhuber's IDSIA page on recurrent neural networks and LSTM, with history and references.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [Made With ML](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/made-with-ml/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Made With ML by Anyscale: course on designing, developing, deploying and iterating on production ML applications.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [MemGPT](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/memgpt/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2023) introducing MemGPT, OS-style virtual context management for LLM agents.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [ML-Ops.org](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/ml-ops-org/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

ML-Ops.org: reference on MLOps principles and practices for operationalising machine-learning models.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Murphy, Probabilistic ML](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/murphy-probabilistic-ml/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Kevin Murphy's Probabilistic Machine Learning book series site, with free introductory and advanced volumes.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [NIST AI 600-1 GenAI Profile](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/nist-ai-600-1-genai-profile/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

NIST AI 600-1 PDF: Generative AI Profile of the AI RMF listing 12 GenAI-specific risks and suggested actions.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [NIST AI glossary](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/nist-ai-glossary/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

NIST AI Resource Center glossary of trustworthy-AI terms from the AI Risk Management Framework, with references.

Intermediate–Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [NIST AI Risk Management Framework](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/nist-ai-rmf-definitions-glossary/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

NIST AI Risk Management Framework page: the Govern, Map, Measure and Manage framework with resources.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [NN/g: Artificial Intelligence topic hub](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/nn-g-artificial-intelligence-topic-hub/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Nielsen Norman Group AI topic hub: UX research articles, videos and courses on designing with and for AI.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [npaka](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/npaka/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

npaka's note.com blog: Japanese-language how-to articles on LLM APIs, frameworks and new AI tools.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · ja 

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### [NYU Deep Learning (LeCun/Canziani)](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/nyu-deep-learning-lecun-canziani/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

NYU Deep Learning course (Spring 2021) by Yann LeCun and Alfredo Canziani, with lectures, labs and notebooks.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [OECD AI Principles & AI system definition](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/oecd-ai-principles-ai-system-definition/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

OECD.AI page on the OECD AI Principles and the OECD definition of an AI system.

Intermediate–Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [OECD AI Recommendation (OECD-LEGAL-0449)](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/oecd-ai-recommendation-oecd-legal-0449/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

OECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence, the source of the OECD AI Principles and AI system definition.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en|fr 

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### [PDE-Transformer](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/pde-transformer/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

PDE-Transformer project page: transformer architecture for learning partial differential equations from data.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [Physics-based Deep Learning (TUM)](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/physics-based-deep-learning-tum/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Physics-based Deep Learning book from TUM: hands-on guide to combining physical simulation with deep learning.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [PointNet](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/pointnet/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

PointNet project page: deep network architecture that consumes raw point clouds for 3D classification and segmentation.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [Prince, Understanding Deep Learning](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/prince-understanding-deep-learning/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Simon Prince's Understanding Deep Learning textbook site with free PDF and Python notebooks.

Intermediate–Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Second RIBA AI Report shows surge in usage among UK architects](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/riba-ai-report-2025-riba-news-release/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

RIBA news release on its second AI report, showing rising AI use among UK architects.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Roboflow documentation](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/roboflow-documentation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Roboflow documentation for building computer-vision datasets, training models and deploying them.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Russell & Norvig AIMA](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/russell-norvig-aima/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Author site for Russell and Norvig's Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, with code, exercises and resources.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Sarah Guo (@saranormous)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/sarah-guo-saranormous/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

No Priors podcast YouTube channel (Sarah Guo and Elad Gil): interviews with AI founders and researchers.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Sean Grove (@sgrove)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/sean-grove-sgrove/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

AI Engineer YouTube channel: conference talks, such as Sean Grove's The New Code on specs as the primary artifact.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [LLMs-from-scratch (book code)](/foundations/from-scratch-implementations/sebastian-raschka-llms-from-scratch/index.md)

by [Sebastian Raschka](https://github.com/rasbt/LLMs-from-scratch)

Follow a GPT implementation rather than treating the model as a black box.

Intermediate · West · closed resource · en 

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