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# Foundations

Understand language models and choose a learning path.

- [Llm Fundamentals](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/index.md) (139)

- [Courses And Learning Paths](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/index.md) (179)

- [From Scratch Implementations](/foundations/from-scratch-implementations/index.md) (1)

- [Practitioner Overviews](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/index.md) (387)

[Beginner](/foundations/beginner/index.md) [Intermediate](/foundations/intermediate/index.md) [Advanced](/foundations/advanced/index.md) [Expert](/foundations/expert/index.md)

706 resources · page 20 of 23

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### [sktime](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/sktime/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

sktime: open-source Python framework for time-series forecasting, classification and anomaly detection.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Soniox Docs: Models](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/soniox-speech-model-registry-and-lifecycle-notes/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Soniox models page listing speech-to-text model versions, changelog and deprecations.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Speechmatics technical articles](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/speechmatics-technical-articles/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Speechmatics articles on speech recognition technology, product news and AI research.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Stanford CS229](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/stanford-cs229/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Stanford CS229 Machine Learning course site with lecture notes on learning algorithms and statistical foundations.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Stanford CS25 Transformers United V6](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/stanford-cs25-transformers-united-v6/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Stanford CS25 Transformers United V6 seminar site with talks by researchers on transformer research.

Intermediate–Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Recode China AI](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/tony-peng-recode-china-ai/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Tony Peng's Recode China AI: weekly English newsletter on Chinese AI labs, models and trends.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [The Convergence of AI and Creativity: Introducing Ghostwriter (Ubisoft)](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/ubisoft-ghostwriter/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Ubisoft post introducing Ghostwriter, an in-house AI tool that drafts NPC dialogue barks for writers.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [UK Government AI Playbook](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/uk-government-ai-playbook/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

AI Playbook for the UK Government: principles and guidance for civil servants on using AI safely, including procurement.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [UNESCO guidance for generative AI in education and research](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/unesco-guidance-for-generative-ai-in-education-and-research/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

UNESCO guidance on generative AI in education and research for governments and institutions.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [UvA Deep Learning tutorials](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/uva-deep-learning-tutorials/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

University of Amsterdam deep learning tutorial notebooks in PyTorch and JAX/Flax, covering core architectures.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Vizuara (Raj Dandekar)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/vizuara-raj-dandekar/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Vizuara YouTube channel (Raj Dandekar): lecture series on building an LLM from scratch.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Wang Shusen 王树森](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/wang-shusen/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Wang Shusen's YouTube channel: Chinese lectures on RL, transformers and recommender systems.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · zh 

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### [Why Do Multi-Agent LLM Systems Fail?](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/why-do-multi-agent-llm-systems-fail/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2025) analysing why multi-agent LLM systems fail, with a taxonomy of 14 failure modes.

Intermediate–Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Wikipedia: Large language model](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/wikipedia-large-language-model/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Wikipedia article on large language models: definition, history, architecture, training and limitations.

Intermediate–Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [XGBoost documentation](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/xgboost-documentation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

XGBoost documentation: distributed gradient boosting library with training, GPU support and parameter guides.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Applied LLMs: What We've Learned From A Year of Building with LLMs](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/yan-bischof-frye-husain-liu-shankar-applied-llms-what-we-ve-learned-from-a-year-of-building-with-llms/index.md)

by [Yan, Bischof, Frye, Husain, Liu, Shankar](https://applied-llms.org/)

Cross-functional lessons from building language-model applications.

Intermediate · West · closed resource · en 

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### [Yandex ML Handbook (Учебник по машинному обучению)](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/yandex-ml-handbook/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Yandex School of Data Analysis machine learning handbook in Russian, from classical algorithms to deep learning theory, with maths and code.

Intermediate–Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · ru 

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### [YSDA NLP course](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/ysda-nlp-course/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

YSDA nlp_course GitHub repo: natural-language-processing course from Yandex School of Data Analysis with lectures and notebooks.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [YSDA Practical Deep Learning](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/ysda-practical-deep-learning/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

YSDA Practical_DL GitHub repo: deep learning course materials from Yandex School of Data Analysis, HSE and Skoltech.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [YSDA Practical RL](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/ysda-practical-rl/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

YSDA Practical_RL GitHub repo: open reinforcement-learning course with notebooks and assignments from HSE and YSDA.

Intermediate–Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en|ru 

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### [Zoom Scribe API documentation](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/zoom-scribe-speech-to-text-api-documentation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Zoom Scribe API documentation: transcription service for many media formats, with modes and authentication details.

Intermediate · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Agent57](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/agent57/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2020) introducing Agent57, the first agent to exceed the human baseline on all 57 Atari games.

Advanced–Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (AlexNet)](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/alexnet-2/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

NeurIPS paper (PDF, 2012) AlexNet: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks.

Advanced–Expert · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [Faster sorting algorithms discovered using deep reinforcement learning (AlphaDev)](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/alphadev-faster-sorting/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Nature paper (2023) on AlphaDev discovering faster sorting algorithms with deep RL.

Advanced–Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search (AlphaGo)](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/alphago-nature-2016/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Nature paper (2016) on AlphaGo, mastering Go with deep neural networks and tree search.

Advanced–Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Grandmaster level in StarCraft II using multi-agent reinforcement learning (AlphaStar)](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/alphastar/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Nature paper (2019) on AlphaStar reaching grandmaster level in StarCraft II with multi-agent RL.

Advanced–Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Discovering faster matrix multiplication algorithms with reinforcement learning (AlphaTensor)](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/alphatensor/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Nature paper (2022) on AlphaTensor discovering faster matrix multiplication algorithms with RL.

Advanced–Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [AlphaZero](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/alphazero/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2017) introducing AlphaZero, mastering chess and shogi through self-play reinforcement learning.

Advanced–Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [arXiv cs.AI recent](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/arxiv-cs-ai-recent/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv listing of recent papers in the cs.AI (Artificial Intelligence) category.

Advanced–Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Attention Is All You Need](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/attention-is-all-you-need/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2017) "Attention Is All You Need", introducing the Transformer architecture.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Chronos: Learning the Language of Time Series](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/chronos-2/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2024) introducing Chronos, pretrained time-series forecasting models using language-model tokenization.

Advanced–Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [CLIP](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/clip/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2021) introducing CLIP, contrastive language-image pretraining for transferable visual models.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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