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# Foundations

Understand language models and choose a learning path.

- [Llm Fundamentals](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/index.md) (139)

- [Courses And Learning Paths](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/index.md) (179)

- [From Scratch Implementations](/foundations/from-scratch-implementations/index.md) (1)

- [Practitioner Overviews](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/index.md) (387)

[Beginner](/foundations/beginner/index.md) [Intermediate](/foundations/intermediate/index.md) [Advanced](/foundations/advanced/index.md) [Expert](/foundations/expert/index.md)

706 resources · page 9 of 23

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### [Interconnected (Kevin Xu)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/kevin-xu-interconnected/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Kevin Xu's Interconnected: bilingual English–Chinese analysis of technology, investing and geopolitics, including AI.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Khoj](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/khoj-open-source-personal-ai/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Khoj GitHub repo: self-hostable AI assistant that answers from the web and personal documents.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [@kiwicopple (Paul Copplestone)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/kiwicopple-paul-copplestone-e-postgres/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of Paul Copplestone, Supabase CEO: posts on Postgres, Supabase and AI app backends.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [OpenPipe blog](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/kyle-corbitt-corbtt/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

OpenPipe blog archive (now part of Weights & Biases and CoreWeave): posts on agent RL training (ART).

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Kyle Lo (@kylelostat)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/kyle-lo-kylelostat/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Kyle Lo's site: AI researcher on language model data, evaluation and data-centric methods, formerly at Ai2.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Lance Martin (@RLanceMartin)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lance-martin-rlancemartin/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Lance Martin's blog: posts on context engineering for agents and LangGraph tutorials.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [LatamGPT (CENIA)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/latamgpt-cenia/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

LatamGPT site: open language model built in Latin America for Latin American languages and contexts, led by Chile's CENIA.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · es|pt 

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### [@lateinteraction (Omar Khattab)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lateinteraction-omar-khattab/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of Omar Khattab, MIT professor and DSPy creator: posts on ColBERT, DSPy and GEPA.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [Latent Space](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/latent-space/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Latent Space: AI engineering newsletter and podcast on how labs build agents, models and infrastructure.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Leandro von Werra (@lvwerra)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/leandro-von-werra-lvwerra/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Hugging Face TRL GitHub repo, led by Leandro von Werra: library for training language models with RL and preference methods.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Lech Mazur (@LechMazur)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lech-mazur-lechmazur/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Lech Mazur's GitHub profile: hand-built LLM benchmarks such as NYT Connections and creative writing.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [NLP Course For You (Lena Voita)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lena-voita-nlp-course-for-you/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Lena Voita's NLP Course For You: interactive lecture-blogs with exercises on core NLP topics.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Lenny's Newsletter (AI product)](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/lenny-s-newsletter-ai-product/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Lenny's Newsletter: product, growth and career writing for product managers and founders, including AI product topics.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Lerrel Pinto (@LerrelPinto)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lerrel-pinto-lerrelpinto/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Lerrel Pinto's site: roboticist working on robot learning and frontier robotics models.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [levelsio blog](/foundations/courses-and-learning-paths/levelsio-blog-indie-business/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Pieter Levels' blog on bootstrapping solo internet businesses, including AI products.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [@levelsio (Pieter Levels)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/levelsio-levelsio/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of Pieter Levels (levelsio): posts on building solo AI products and indie hacking.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [Lex Fridman (@lexfridman)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lex-fridman-lexfridman/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Lex Fridman Podcast: long-form interviews with researchers and founders, including many on AI.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Lianmin Zheng (@lm_zheng)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lianmin-zheng-lm-zheng/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

LMSYS Org blog, with Lianmin Zheng: research on LLM serving, SGLang, Chatbot Arena and evaluation.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Lil'Log (Lilian Weng)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lil-log-lilian-weng/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Lilian Weng's Lil'Log: in-depth learning notes on LLMs, agents, RL and safety since 2017.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [@lilianweng (Lilian Weng)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lilianweng-lilian-weng/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of Lilian Weng, author of Lil'Log: posts on LLM research topics such as agents and safety.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [@liquidai (Liquid AI)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/liquidai-liquid-ai/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of Liquid AI: releases of LFM efficient foundation models.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [Lisa Dunlap (@lisabdunlap)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lisa-dunlap-lisabdunlap/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Arena (formerly LMArena) site, where Lisa Dunlap works: platform for comparing and voting on AI models with public leaderboards.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [@YesThisIsLion (Llion Jones)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/llion-jones-yesthisislion/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of Llion Jones, Transformer co-author and Sakana AI co-founder.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [@lmarena_ai (Arena)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lmarena-ai-arena/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of LMArena (Arena): crowdsourced model comparison leaderboard updates.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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### [@LoubnaBenAllal1 (Loubna Ben Allal)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/loubna-ben-allal-loubnabenallal1/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of Loubna Ben Allal, Hugging Face: posts on SmolLM, FineWeb-Edu and pretraining data.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Love. Death. Transformers.](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/love-death-transformers/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Love. Death. Transformers.: Russian-language Telegram channel of ML practitioners posting on LLM training and research.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · ru 

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### [Luca Soldaini (@soldni)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/luca-soldaini-soldni/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Luca Soldaini's site: researcher who co-led Olmo and Dolma at Ai2, now at Microsoft AI.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Lucas Beyer (@giffmana)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lucas-beyer-giffmana/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Lucas Beyer's home page: computer vision and multimodal researcher behind ViT, SigLIP and PaliGemma work.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Lviv Polytechnic: recommendations on applying generative AI](/foundations/llm-fundamentals/lviv-polytechnic-recommendations-on-applying-generative-ai/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Lviv Polytechnic recommendations on applying generative AI in academic journals and conferences.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · uk|en 

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### [@lvwerra (Leandro von Werra)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/lvwerra-leandro-von-werra/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of Leandro von Werra, creator of the TRL library: posts on RLHF and open model training.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Maarten Grootendorst (@MaartenGr)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/maarten-grootendorst-maartengr/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Maarten Grootendorst's site: visual guides to language models and creator of BERTopic and KeyBERT.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [@MaartenGr (Maarten Grootendorst)](/foundations/practitioner-overviews/maartengr-maarten-grootendorst/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

X account of Maarten Grootendorst, co-author of Hands-On Large Language Models: visual guides on LLMs and agents.

Not applicable (entity) · unknown · unknown resource · und 

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