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# Model Training

Study the data, algorithms and infrastructure used to change model weights.

- [Pretraining](/model-training/pretraining/index.md) (3)

- [Training Data](/model-training/training-data/index.md) (1)

- [Post Training Rl](/model-training/post-training-rl/index.md) (5)

- [Fine Tuning](/model-training/fine-tuning/index.md) (4)

- [Training Infrastructure](/model-training/training-infrastructure/index.md) (123)

[Beginner](/model-training/beginner/index.md) [Intermediate](/model-training/intermediate/index.md) [Advanced](/model-training/advanced/index.md) [Expert](/model-training/expert/index.md)

136 resources · page 4 of 5

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### [Fireworks AI documentation](/model-training/training-infrastructure/fireworks-ai-documentation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Fireworks AI documentation: serverless and dedicated inference, fine-tuning and deployment of open models.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Three Tests to Run Before You Switch from LoRA to FullFT (Fireworks AI)](/model-training/training-infrastructure/fireworks-three-tests-before-you-switch-from-lora-to-fullft/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Fireworks AI post with controlled experiments on Qwen3.5-9B showing what to test before switching from LoRA to full fine-tuning.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [GigaChat Family: Efficient Russian Language Modeling Through Mixture of Experts Architecture](/model-training/pretraining/gigachat-family-moe-training-report/index.md)

by [GigaChat team / SaluteDevices](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09440v1)

Study a Russian-origin model team’s account of mixture-of-experts architecture, pretraining and evaluation.

Advanced · RU · open resource · en 

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### [Building an efficient harness for advanced enterprise work (Glean)](/model-training/training-infrastructure/glean-building-an-efficient-harness-for-advanced-enterprise-work/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Glean post on its coding-agent harness using code execution, tool-output truncation and progressive disclosure to cut tokens.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Grouped-Query Attention](/model-training/training-infrastructure/grouped-query-attention/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2023) introducing grouped-query attention (GQA) and uptraining multi-head models to it.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [LlamaFactory](/model-training/fine-tuning/hiyouga-llamafactory/index.md)

by [hiyouga (Yaowei Zheng) et al.](https://github.com/hiyouga/LlamaFactory)

Compare adaptation methods within a shared training interface.

Advanced · CN · open resource · en 

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### [TRL - Transformers Reinforcement Learning](/model-training/post-training-rl/hugging-face-trl-transformers-reinforcement-learning/index.md)

by [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/docs/trl/index)

Find training interfaces for supervised and preference-based adaptation.

Advanced · other · closed resource · en 

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### [MindSpore 中文 API 文档](/model-training/training-infrastructure/mindspore-api/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

MindSpore API documentation in Chinese for Huawei's deep learning training and inference framework.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · zh 

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### [Modal guides](/model-training/training-infrastructure/modal-guides/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Modal guides: deploying model serving, GPU jobs and scalable applications on Modal's serverless platform.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Scaling to 1 million concurrent sandboxes in seconds (Modal)](/model-training/training-infrastructure/modal-scaling-to-1m-concurrent-sandboxes/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Modal engineering post on building a scheduler that runs one million concurrent code sandboxes per workspace.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Moore Threads docs center](/model-training/training-infrastructure/moore-threads-docs-center/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Moore Threads documentation centre for its Chinese GPUs and the MUSA SDK (in Chinese).

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · zh 

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### [Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (book)](/model-training/post-training-rl/nathan-lambert-reinforcement-learning-from-human-feedback/index.md)

by [Nathan Lambert](https://rlhfbook.com/)

A conceptual path through reward modeling and post-training methods.

Advanced · West · closed resource · en 

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### [PEFT documentation](/model-training/training-infrastructure/peft-documentation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Hugging Face PEFT documentation: parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as LoRA, with recipes.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Qiskit Machine Learning](/model-training/training-infrastructure/qiskit-machine-learning/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Qiskit Machine Learning documentation: quantum kernels and quantum neural networks for ML experiments.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [QLoRA](/model-training/training-infrastructure/qlora/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2023) introducing QLoRA, fine-tuning 4-bit quantized LLMs with low-rank adapters.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Ray Serve documentation](/model-training/training-infrastructure/ray-serve-documentation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Ray Serve documentation: scalable library for building online inference APIs and composing model deployments.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Controlling Reasoning Effort in LLMs (Ahead of AI)](/model-training/post-training-rl/sebastian-raschka-ahead-of-ai/index.md)

by [Sebastian Raschka](https://magazine.sebastianraschka.com/p/controlling-reasoning-effort-in-llms)

A free Ahead of AI article on training controllable reasoning effort.

Advanced · West · closed resource · en 

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### [SGLang docs: HiCache best practices](/model-training/training-infrastructure/sglang-hicache-best-practices/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

SGLang HiCache best practices: configuring hierarchical KV caching across GPU, CPU and storage.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Tinker documentation](/model-training/training-infrastructure/tinker-documentation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Tinker documentation from Thinking Machines Lab: training API for fine-tuning open-weight LLMs, with SDK reference and recipes.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [AdapTive-LeArning Speculator System (ATLAS) (Together AI)](/model-training/training-infrastructure/together-ai-atlas-runtime-learning-speculators/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Together AI post on ATLAS, a speculative decoding system whose speculators keep learning from the live workload.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Cache-aware prefill-decode disaggregation (Together AI)](/model-training/training-infrastructure/together-ai-cache-aware-prefill-decode-disaggregation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Together AI post on cache-aware prefill-decode disaggregation for faster long-context inference serving.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Together AI documentation](/model-training/training-infrastructure/together-ai-documentation/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

Together AI documentation for running, fine-tuning and serving open-source models.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Unsloth](/model-training/fine-tuning/unsloth-unsloth/index.md)

by [Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)

Study local training and adaptation workflows for supported models.

Advanced · West · open resource · en 

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### [vLLM docs: Automatic prefix caching](/model-training/training-infrastructure/vllm-automatic-prefix-caching-design/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

vLLM design document on automatic prefix caching and how shared prompt prefixes reuse the KV cache.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [vLLM docs](/model-training/training-infrastructure/vllm-docs/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

vLLM latest documentation: installation, serving, supported models and quantisation for the LLM inference engine.

Advanced · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [nanochat](/model-training/pretraining/andrej-karpathy-nanochat/index.md)

by [Andrej Karpathy](https://github.com/karpathy/nanochat) [@karpathy](https://twitter.com/karpathy)

A compact training harness spanning the model-development lifecycle.

Expert · West · open resource · en 

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### [CMU 11-868 LLM Systems](/model-training/training-infrastructure/cmu-11-868-llm-systems/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

CMU 11-868 LLM Systems course site: systems for training and serving large language models, with schedule and readings.

Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [CUDA C++ Programming Guide](/model-training/training-infrastructure/cuda-c-programming-guide/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

NVIDIA CUDA C++ Programming Guide: reference for the CUDA programming model, memory hierarchy and interfaces.

Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning via RL (arXiv 2501.12948)](/model-training/post-training-rl/deepseek-deepseek-r1-incentivizing-reasoning-via-rl/index.md)

by [DeepSeek](https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12948)

Study the reported reinforcement-learning recipe behind DeepSeek-R1.

Expert · CN · closed resource · en 

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### [EAGLE](/model-training/training-infrastructure/eagle/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2024) introducing EAGLE, speculative sampling with feature-level draft heads.

Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding](/model-training/training-infrastructure/fast-inference-from-transformers-via-speculative-decoding/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2022) introducing speculative decoding to speed up transformer inference without changing outputs.

Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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### [FlashAttention](/model-training/training-infrastructure/flashattention/index.md)

Creator not supplied; see original source.

arXiv paper (2022) introducing FlashAttention, an IO-aware exact attention algorithm for GPUs.

Expert · unknown · unknown resource · en 

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